9+ Best Free Call Center Software: 2024 Guide


9+ Best Free Call Center Software: 2024 Guide

Solutions providing call center functionalities without upfront licensing fees represent a significant segment of the customer communication technology market. These offerings allow organizations, particularly smaller businesses or startups, to manage inbound and outbound calls, track customer interactions, and often integrate with other business systems without incurring the traditional costs associated with proprietary software. For instance, an emerging company could utilize such a solution to handle customer support inquiries and sales calls using features like call routing, interactive voice response (IVR), and basic reporting.

The availability of cost-free communication platforms has democratized access to essential business tools. This accessibility enables efficient customer relationship management, facilitates better resource allocation, and can improve overall operational effectiveness. Historically, robust call center capabilities were only accessible to larger enterprises with significant capital. The emergence of these accessible solutions has levelled the playing field, empowering smaller entities to compete effectively and provide superior customer experiences, contributing to increased customer loyalty and potential revenue growth.

The subsequent sections will delve into the various types of these platforms, examining their features, limitations, and suitability for different business needs, and outline considerations for selecting a suitable platform for a specific organization’s call center objectives.

1. Cost of Implementation

While the term “free call center software” suggests an absence of financial outlay, the cost of implementation presents a more complex reality. Implementation encompasses a range of expenses beyond the software license itself, influencing the overall affordability and feasibility of adopting such solutions.

  • Hardware Requirements

    Although the software may be offered without charge, it often requires specific hardware to function effectively. This can include servers, headsets, computers, and network infrastructure upgrades. These expenses can accumulate quickly, particularly for organizations lacking existing compatible equipment, adding significant costs to what initially appears to be a free solution.

  • Integration Costs

    A call center solution’s value is often enhanced by its ability to integrate with existing CRM systems, databases, or other business applications. However, integrating “free” software can necessitate custom development, professional services, or specialized connectors. These integration expenses can prove substantial, depending on the complexity of the existing IT infrastructure and the extent of the desired connectivity.

  • Training Expenses

    Even with user-friendly interfaces, adequate training is essential for staff to effectively utilize any call center software. Training encompasses both the software’s functionality and best practices for customer interaction. Organizations might need to invest in internal training programs, external consultants, or online resources. The associated costs, including employee time and trainer fees, contribute to the overall implementation expenditure.

  • Ongoing Maintenance and Support

    While the software may be initially provided without charge, ongoing maintenance and technical support may not be. Organizations could encounter fees for premium support packages, access to updates, or troubleshooting assistance. Furthermore, the internal resources dedicated to managing and maintaining the system also represent a cost that should be factored into the overall implementation analysis.

In summary, while the absence of licensing fees is an attractive proposition, organizations must carefully evaluate the complete cost of implementation associated with free call center software. A thorough analysis of hardware, integration, training, and ongoing support expenses is critical to accurately assess the financial viability and long-term value of adopting such a solution, ensuring it aligns with the organization’s budgetary constraints and operational requirements.

2. Feature Set Limitations

The absence of licensing fees in free call center software often correlates with restrictions in the functionality offered. These limitations, while enabling cost-free access, can significantly impact an organization’s ability to manage customer interactions and optimize operational efficiency.

  • Limited Call Routing Options

    Complimentary platforms frequently offer basic call routing features, such as round-robin or skills-based routing, but may lack more advanced capabilities. For example, routing based on customer history, preferred agent, or real-time queue analysis might be absent. This can lead to longer hold times, less personalized customer experiences, and reduced agent efficiency, especially in complex call center environments.

  • Restricted Reporting and Analytics

    Comprehensive reporting tools are crucial for monitoring call center performance and identifying areas for improvement. Free platforms often provide only rudimentary reporting functionalities, such as basic call volume metrics or agent availability. More sophisticated analytics, including detailed call disposition analysis, service level agreement (SLA) tracking, and customer satisfaction surveys, may be unavailable. This deficiency hinders data-driven decision-making and limits the ability to optimize call center operations.

  • Inadequate Integration Capabilities

    Seamless integration with customer relationship management (CRM) systems, help desk software, and other business applications is essential for efficient workflows. Complimentary call center software frequently lacks robust integration capabilities, requiring manual data entry or custom development to connect with existing systems. This can lead to data silos, increased administrative overhead, and a fragmented view of the customer journey.

  • Scalability Constraints

    While suitable for small businesses or startups with limited call volumes, “free” solutions often struggle to scale effectively as an organization grows. Limitations on the number of concurrent agents, call queues, or storage capacity can hinder expansion and force a migration to a paid platform. This transition can be disruptive and costly, negating the initial cost savings of the complimentary software.

The limitations inherent in the functional capabilities of these platforms directly influence the achievable level of customer service and operational efficiency. Organizations considering such solutions must carefully assess their needs against these constraints, balancing the cost benefits with the potential impact on business performance and scalability. Failure to account for these feature restrictions can result in long-term inefficiencies and increased costs down the line.

3. Scalability Constraints

The inherent limitations in scaling free call center software represent a critical consideration for organizations anticipating growth or experiencing fluctuating call volumes. The initial cost savings can be quickly offset by the inability to adapt to expanding business needs.

  • Agent Capacity Limitations

    A common restriction in complimentary platforms is a cap on the number of concurrent agents. This limitation directly impacts the ability to handle increased call volumes during peak seasons or periods of rapid business expansion. The inability to add agents quickly can lead to longer wait times, abandoned calls, and diminished customer satisfaction. Real-world examples include startups that initially thrive on a free platform but struggle to maintain service levels as their customer base grows, ultimately necessitating a costly and disruptive migration to a paid solution.

  • Call Queue Restrictions

    Many free call center solutions impose limitations on the number of call queues that can be configured. This restricts the ability to segment calls based on department, product, or service, leading to inefficient call routing and longer resolution times. A business with multiple product lines, for instance, may find it difficult to effectively manage inquiries without the ability to create dedicated queues, forcing agents to handle a wider range of issues and potentially reducing their expertise in specific areas.

  • Storage and Data Limitations

    Free platforms often provide limited storage for call recordings, customer data, and other essential information. This can hinder efforts to analyze call trends, track customer interactions, and comply with regulatory requirements. For example, businesses in highly regulated industries may find it challenging to meet data retention obligations without sufficient storage capacity, exposing them to potential legal and financial risks.

  • Integration Scalability

    Even if a free call center solution initially integrates with existing CRM or help desk systems, its ability to maintain that integration as the business scales can be questionable. Increased data volumes and transaction rates can overwhelm the free platform’s integration capabilities, leading to performance bottlenecks, data synchronization issues, and ultimately, a breakdown in connectivity. A growing e-commerce business, for example, may find that its free call center software struggles to keep pace with the increasing volume of customer data from its online store, resulting in inaccurate information and compromised customer service.

These scalability constraints underscore the importance of carefully assessing future business needs when selecting a call center solution. While the immediate cost savings of complimentary software may be appealing, organizations must consider the potential long-term impact on growth, customer satisfaction, and operational efficiency. A thorough evaluation of scalability limitations is essential to avoid costly migrations and disruptions as the business evolves.

4. Integration Capabilities

The scope of integration capabilities within complimentary call center platforms significantly influences their overall utility and effectiveness for businesses. These capabilities determine how seamlessly the “free call center software” interacts with existing business systems, impacting data flow, workflow automation, and operational efficiency.

  • CRM Integration

    The ability to integrate with Customer Relationship Management (CRM) systems is paramount for providing agents with a holistic view of customer interactions. While some solutions may offer basic CRM integration, this often lacks the depth and functionality of paid platforms. For example, a free system might allow contact information to be displayed, but fail to automatically log call details, update customer records, or trigger workflows within the CRM. This limited integration can lead to data silos, increased manual effort, and a less personalized customer experience.

  • Help Desk Software Integration

    Integrating the call center platform with help desk software is crucial for streamlining support workflows. A free solution may offer basic integration, such as the ability to create a help desk ticket directly from the call interface. However, more advanced features, such as automatic ticket assignment, knowledge base integration, or escalation rules, are often absent. This limitation can hinder issue resolution times and reduce the efficiency of support teams.

  • Third-Party Application Integration

    Modern business environments rely on a diverse range of third-party applications. The capacity of free call center software to integrate with these applications, such as marketing automation platforms or e-commerce systems, is often limited. The absence of robust APIs or pre-built connectors can require custom development, negating the cost savings of the “free” software. This restriction can prevent the automation of key processes and hinder the ability to deliver a seamless customer experience across multiple channels.

  • Data Synchronization and API Access

    The degree of data synchronization between the call center platform and other business systems is critical for maintaining data integrity and consistency. Free solutions often offer limited data synchronization capabilities, with infrequent or manual data transfers. Furthermore, access to the platform’s Application Programming Interface (API) may be restricted, preventing custom integrations or the development of tailored solutions. This lack of flexibility can hinder innovation and limit the ability to adapt the platform to specific business needs.

In conclusion, the level of integration capabilities offered by complimentary call center platforms must be carefully evaluated in light of an organization’s specific requirements. While these solutions may provide a cost-effective entry point, the limitations in integration can significantly impact their long-term effectiveness and suitability for complex business environments.

5. Security Vulnerabilities

The intersection of security vulnerabilities and call center platforms offered without cost presents a complex and often overlooked risk. The absence of licensing fees can be an attractive proposition, but it often comes at the expense of robust security measures, potentially exposing organizations to significant threats.

  • Insufficient Encryption Protocols

    Free call center software may employ weaker encryption protocols compared to their paid counterparts. This increases the risk of sensitive customer data, such as credit card information or personal identifiers, being intercepted during transmission. The absence of end-to-end encryption, for example, creates opportunities for malicious actors to eavesdrop on calls and compromise confidential data, leading to regulatory non-compliance and reputational damage.

  • Lack of Regular Security Updates

    Providers of platforms offered without charge may not prioritize regular security updates to address newly discovered vulnerabilities. This lack of proactive maintenance leaves systems susceptible to known exploits and malware infections. A delay in patching a critical security flaw, for instance, could allow hackers to gain unauthorized access to call center infrastructure, potentially disrupting services and compromising sensitive data.

  • Weak Access Controls and Authentication Mechanisms

    Complimentary platforms frequently implement less stringent access controls and authentication mechanisms compared to paid alternatives. This can make it easier for unauthorized individuals to gain access to the system and compromise data. Weak password policies, lack of multi-factor authentication, or insufficient role-based access controls can significantly increase the risk of insider threats and external attacks.

  • Limited Security Audits and Compliance Certifications

    Vendors offering platforms without charge may not subject their systems to rigorous security audits or obtain relevant compliance certifications, such as PCI DSS or HIPAA. This lack of independent verification raises concerns about the security posture of the software and its ability to protect sensitive data. Without these assurances, organizations may struggle to meet regulatory requirements and maintain customer trust.

In summary, the allure of “free call center software” should be tempered by a careful assessment of the inherent security risks. Compromised encryption, inconsistent updates, weak access controls, and a lack of compliance certifications represent significant vulnerabilities that can outweigh the initial cost savings. Organizations must prioritize security and conduct thorough due diligence before adopting such solutions to mitigate potential threats and protect sensitive customer data.

6. Vendor reputation

The reputation of the vendor offering free call center software constitutes a critical factor in the decision-making process. The absence of licensing fees should not overshadow the importance of evaluating the vendor’s track record, reliability, and commitment to ongoing support and security. A seemingly cost-effective solution can quickly become a liability if the vendor lacks a proven history of delivering stable, secure, and well-supported software.

  • Longevity and Stability

    A vendor’s history in the market provides insights into its long-term viability. Companies with a proven track record are generally more likely to continue supporting their products and providing necessary updates. Conversely, newer or less established vendors may face financial instability or lack the resources to adequately maintain their software. A sudden cessation of support for a “free” platform can leave organizations scrambling to find alternative solutions, potentially disrupting operations and incurring unexpected costs. For example, a startup offering a free call center solution might be acquired or go out of business, leaving its users without access to critical updates or support.

  • Security Track Record

    The vendor’s past security performance is a key indicator of its commitment to protecting sensitive data. Evidence of previous security breaches or a lack of transparency regarding security practices should raise red flags. Reputable vendors invest heavily in security infrastructure and regularly conduct security audits to identify and address vulnerabilities. A vendor with a poor security track record poses a significant risk to organizations, potentially exposing them to data breaches, regulatory penalties, and reputational damage. The impact of a data breach originating from a poorly secured free call center platform can far outweigh any initial cost savings.

  • Community Reviews and Testimonials

    Online reviews, testimonials, and community forums offer valuable insights into the experiences of other users. Positive reviews and high ratings generally indicate a reliable and well-supported product. Conversely, negative reviews or frequent complaints about bugs, lack of support, or hidden fees should be taken seriously. Analyzing user feedback can provide a more realistic assessment of the vendor’s reputation and the actual value of the “free” software. For instance, consistently negative reviews about unresponsive customer support can negate the attractiveness of a free platform, as timely assistance is crucial for resolving technical issues and ensuring smooth operations.

  • Support and Documentation Availability

    The availability of comprehensive documentation and responsive support channels is essential for successful implementation and ongoing use of any call center platform. Reputable vendors provide detailed documentation, including user guides, FAQs, and troubleshooting tips. They also offer multiple support channels, such as email, phone, and online chat, to assist users with technical issues. A lack of adequate support can lead to frustration, wasted time, and ultimately, a diminished return on investment, even with “free call center software.” For example, the absence of readily available support during a critical system outage can severely impact an organization’s ability to serve its customers, leading to lost revenue and damaged relationships.

In conclusion, while the cost benefits of complimentary call center platforms are evident, the evaluation of the vendor’s reputation assumes paramount importance. Assessing factors such as longevity, security track record, user feedback, and support availability enables organizations to make informed decisions, mitigating the risks associated with unreliable or poorly supported solutions and ensuring a positive long-term experience. A robust vendor background directly correlates with the sustainable usability and effectiveness of even zero-cost options.

7. Support Availability

The extent of available support is a critical consideration when evaluating cost-free call center platforms. While the absence of upfront licensing fees may be appealing, the quality and accessibility of technical support can significantly impact the overall usability and effectiveness of the solution, particularly in situations requiring immediate assistance or specialized expertise.

  • Limited Support Channels

    Solutions offered without charge frequently provide restricted support channels compared to their paid counterparts. Access to phone support may be limited or unavailable, with primary reliance on email or community forums. This can lead to delayed response times and difficulties in resolving complex technical issues that require real-time interaction. For example, a critical system outage occurring outside of standard business hours may leave users unable to access timely assistance, potentially disrupting operations and negatively impacting customer service.

  • Restricted Service Level Agreements (SLAs)

    Service Level Agreements (SLAs), which guarantee specific response times and resolution targets, are often absent or significantly reduced in scope for complimentary platforms. This means that users may experience longer wait times for support, and there may be no guaranteed timeframe for resolving technical issues. A lack of SLA-backed support can be particularly problematic for organizations relying on the call center software for mission-critical operations, as downtime can translate directly into lost revenue and customer dissatisfaction.

  • Reliance on Community Forums

    A common support model for platforms provided at no cost involves reliance on community forums, where users can seek assistance from other users or from the vendor’s support staff. While community forums can be a valuable resource for finding solutions to common problems, they may not provide timely or accurate assistance for complex or unique issues. Furthermore, the quality of support provided in community forums can vary widely, depending on the expertise and availability of other users or support personnel. This variability can make it difficult to rely on community forums as a primary source of technical support.

  • Reduced Access to Expertise

    Complimentary platforms typically offer limited access to highly skilled technical experts or specialized support teams. This can be a significant disadvantage when dealing with complex technical issues that require in-depth knowledge of the software and its underlying infrastructure. The absence of direct access to specialized expertise can lead to prolonged troubleshooting times and an inability to resolve critical issues effectively, potentially hindering the organization’s ability to provide quality customer service.

The limitations in support availability associated with cost-free call center platforms necessitate careful consideration. While the initial cost savings may be attractive, organizations must weigh the potential risks of limited support against their specific technical requirements and operational needs. A thorough assessment of support channels, service level agreements, reliance on community forums, and access to expertise is essential to ensure that the chosen solution provides adequate support for the organization’s ongoing success.

8. Data privacy compliance

Data privacy compliance represents a significant challenge when utilizing free call center software. The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), and similar legislative frameworks impose stringent requirements on the collection, storage, processing, and transmission of personal data. Non-compliance can result in substantial financial penalties and reputational damage. Platforms provided without charge frequently lack the robust security measures, data encryption protocols, and audit trails necessary to demonstrate adherence to these regulations. For example, if a free call center solution fails to adequately encrypt call recordings containing sensitive customer information, it could expose the organization to significant legal and financial risks under GDPR should a data breach occur.

The importance of data privacy compliance cannot be overstated in the context of call center operations. Call centers routinely handle a wide range of personal data, including names, addresses, phone numbers, financial details, and medical information. The failure to protect this data can have severe consequences for individuals, leading to identity theft, financial fraud, and other forms of harm. Furthermore, organizations that fail to comply with data privacy regulations may face legal action from regulatory bodies and private plaintiffs. The practical significance of understanding this connection lies in the need for organizations to conduct thorough due diligence before adopting any call center solution, regardless of its cost. This includes assessing the vendor’s security practices, data privacy policies, and compliance certifications to ensure that the chosen platform meets all applicable legal requirements. A real-life example involves a small business that adopted a free call center solution without adequately assessing its security features and subsequently suffered a data breach that compromised the personal information of thousands of customers, resulting in significant financial losses and reputational damage.

In summary, data privacy compliance is a critical consideration when evaluating cost-free call center platforms. The absence of licensing fees should not overshadow the importance of ensuring that the chosen solution provides adequate security measures and complies with all applicable data privacy regulations. Organizations must prioritize data protection and conduct thorough due diligence to mitigate the risks associated with non-compliance, safeguarding customer data and protecting themselves from legal and reputational harm. The challenges associated with balancing cost and compliance highlight the need for a strategic approach to call center technology selection, one that prioritizes data privacy as a fundamental requirement.

9. Customization options

The correlation between customization options and complimentary call center platforms reveals a significant trade-off. While the absence of licensing fees presents an immediate financial benefit, the flexibility to tailor the software to specific organizational needs is often restricted. This limitation stems from the inherent design of such offerings, which frequently prioritize ease of deployment and broad compatibility over bespoke functionality. Consequently, organizations may find themselves adapting their processes to the software’s constraints, rather than the reverse. For instance, a business with unique call routing requirements may be forced to adopt the standard routing protocols of the free platform, potentially leading to inefficiencies and a suboptimal customer experience. The impact of this limited adaptability can be particularly pronounced in industries with specialized compliance mandates or intricate workflows, where standardized solutions fall short of meeting essential operational criteria.

The practical implications of restricted customization options manifest in several key areas. Integration with existing business systems, such as CRM or ERP platforms, may require cumbersome workarounds or be entirely infeasible without incurring additional development costs. Similarly, the ability to create custom reports or dashboards, essential for tracking key performance indicators (KPIs), is often limited, hindering data-driven decision-making. Consider a non-profit organization using free call center software to manage volunteer inquiries; the lack of custom reporting features may prevent them from effectively tracking volunteer hours or identifying areas for recruitment improvement. The absence of granular control over user permissions and access rights further exacerbates security concerns, especially in organizations handling sensitive customer data. The effect is a potential erosion of efficiency, data security, and the capacity to adapt to evolving business demands.

In conclusion, while cost-free call center solutions offer an accessible entry point for organizations with limited budgets, the constrained customization options necessitate a thorough evaluation of the long-term implications. The initial cost savings must be weighed against the potential inefficiencies, integration challenges, and security risks associated with a rigid, inflexible platform. A comprehensive understanding of these trade-offs empowers organizations to make informed decisions, selecting solutions that align with their specific needs and ensuring that the pursuit of cost-effectiveness does not compromise operational effectiveness or data security.

Frequently Asked Questions about Free Call Center Software

This section addresses common inquiries and misconceptions surrounding call center platforms offered without upfront licensing fees. It aims to provide clarity and inform decision-making regarding the adoption of such solutions.

Question 1: Is “free call center software” truly without cost?

While the initial software license may be provided without charge, associated costs such as hardware requirements, integration expenses, training fees, and ongoing maintenance may apply. A comprehensive cost analysis is essential to determine the true financial implications.

Question 2: What are the typical limitations of free call center software?

Common limitations include restricted call routing options, limited reporting and analytics capabilities, inadequate integration with other business systems, scalability constraints, and potentially weaker security measures compared to paid platforms.

Question 3: How secure is “free call center software” compared to paid solutions?

Security protocols in complimentary platforms can be less robust than those in paid offerings. This may involve weaker encryption, less frequent security updates, and weaker access controls, potentially increasing the risk of data breaches and compliance violations.

Question 4: What level of support is typically available for “free call center software”?

Support availability is frequently limited in free offerings, often relying on community forums, email support, or restricted access to technical experts. Service Level Agreements (SLAs) guaranteeing response times are often absent or less stringent.

Question 5: Is “free call center software” suitable for all businesses?

These solutions are often best suited for small businesses or startups with basic call center requirements and limited budgets. Larger organizations with complex needs may find the limitations too restrictive and require a more robust, paid platform.

Question 6: How does “free call center software” impact data privacy compliance?

Complimentary platforms may lack the robust security features and audit trails necessary to demonstrate compliance with data privacy regulations such as GDPR or CCPA. Organizations must carefully assess the vendor’s security practices and ensure adherence to all applicable legal requirements.

The key takeaway is that the term “free call center software” requires careful scrutiny. A thorough evaluation of associated costs, feature limitations, security considerations, support availability, and compliance requirements is critical for making informed decisions.

The subsequent section will explore alternative solutions and strategies for organizations seeking cost-effective call center technology.

Tips for Evaluating Free Call Center Software

The selection of a call center platform, even one marketed without licensing fees, requires diligence and strategic planning. The following guidance aims to aid organizations in making informed decisions regarding free call center solutions.

Tip 1: Conduct a Comprehensive Needs Assessment: Before evaluating specific platforms, define the organization’s call center requirements. Consider call volume, integration needs, reporting requirements, and scalability expectations. This assessment will serve as a benchmark for evaluating the suitability of various free solutions.

Tip 2: Scrutinize Total Cost of Ownership: The “free” designation often applies only to the software license. Investigate potential expenses related to hardware upgrades, integration with existing systems, staff training, ongoing maintenance, and support services. Calculate the total cost of ownership to determine if the solution is truly cost-effective.

Tip 3: Evaluate Feature Set Limitations: Free solutions often impose restrictions on functionality. Determine which features are essential for call center operations and assess whether the platform adequately addresses those needs. Consider whether the absence of advanced features will hinder efficiency or compromise customer service quality.

Tip 4: Prioritize Security Considerations: Data security is paramount. Examine the platform’s security protocols, encryption methods, access controls, and compliance certifications. Ensure that the solution adequately protects sensitive customer data and adheres to relevant regulations. A security breach can negate any perceived cost savings.

Tip 5: Assess Vendor Reliability and Support: Research the vendor’s reputation, track record, and commitment to ongoing support. Review online reviews, testimonials, and community forums to gauge user satisfaction. Confirm that the vendor provides adequate documentation, responsive support channels, and a clear commitment to addressing security vulnerabilities.

Tip 6: Investigate Integration Capabilities: Seamless integration with existing CRM, help desk, and other business systems is crucial for efficient workflows. Evaluate the platform’s integration capabilities, including API access and pre-built connectors. Consider whether custom development will be required to achieve necessary integration, potentially adding to the overall cost.

Tip 7: Understand Scalability Limitations: Assess the platform’s scalability to ensure it can accommodate future growth. Determine the maximum number of concurrent agents, call queues, and storage capacity. Consider whether the solution can scale without requiring a costly migration to a paid platform.

Careful application of these tips will enable organizations to determine whether “free call center software” aligns with specific requirements and mitigates potential risks.

The subsequent sections will provide insights into how to set-up this software.

Conclusion

The foregoing analysis has illuminated the multifaceted nature of “free call center software.” While the absence of initial licensing fees presents an undeniable allure, a comprehensive evaluation reveals a complex landscape of potential limitations and hidden costs. Scalability constraints, feature set restrictions, security vulnerabilities, and limited support availability can significantly impact an organization’s ability to effectively manage customer communications and maintain operational efficiency. A superficial focus on cost savings, without due consideration of these potential drawbacks, can ultimately prove detrimental to long-term business objectives.

The decision to adopt a complimentary call center platform demands careful deliberation and a realistic assessment of organizational needs. Prudent organizations will prioritize thorough due diligence, scrutinizing the vendor’s reputation, security protocols, and integration capabilities. Only through informed decision-making can the true value of such solutions be accurately determined, ensuring that the pursuit of cost-effectiveness does not compromise security, scalability, or the delivery of exceptional customer experiences. The long-term strategic implications should always outweigh the immediate appeal of a zero-cost entry point.